基于ANP法的股权激励模式选择研究

本文对企业如何科学合理地选择股权激励模式问题进行研究探讨。不仅考虑到以往研究中的企业特征因素,同时也考虑了激励对象特征因素和外部实施环境因素,建立股权激励模式选择指标体系,并分析各指标间的依存关系,基于此构建了ANP网络结构模型,并选取两个代表性样本企业进行算例验证和应用,最终使得不同企业可根据自身的实际情况选择合适的股权激励模式,验证了该模型的合理性与可行性。     

A comprehensive review on surface modification,structure interface and bonding mechanism of plant cellulose fiber reinforced polymer based composites

Abstract

Plant cellulose fiber polymer composites are readily applied in wide range of applications due to ecological and economical alternative to traditional materials. The considerable amount of residues and organic wastes from agricultural process are still employed as lower energy resource. Organic materials are generally disposed in composting, landfilling or anaerobic digestion. The utilization of these wastes in plant fiber composites shows significant alternative and environmental friendly in nature. The production of plant cellulose fiber composite with higher structural properties is optimized by interfacial bonding between polymer and reinforced fiber. The interface plays a vital role in regulating mechanical properties by distributing bonds and stress transferring, which is one of least understood element of composites. This paper presents the comprehensive review of fiber structures, different modification techniques to reduce the incompatibility between matrix and fiber, assessment of structure interface and bonding, clarifies the interfacial adhesion of cellulose fiber composites.     

锂二次电池中的原位聚合电解质

聚合物电解质主要分为凝胶聚合物电解质和固态聚合物电解质两种类型,均能够提升锂二次电池的性能。其中,凝胶聚合物电解质是利用增塑剂实现聚合物基质的凝胶化,将有机液态电解液固定在三维网络结构中,因此同时具备液态的离子扩散速率和固态材料的机械性能;而固态聚合物电解质是一种完全没有液态电解质的体系,利用聚合物基体的极性实现锂盐的解离,以聚合物分子链的运动实现离子传输。相对于传统的非原位法制备的聚合物电解质而言,原位聚合反应制备的聚合电解质能够有效改善电解质与电极的界面相容性、简化电池组装工艺、降低制造成本。本文综述了当前原位聚合电解质在锂二次电池中应用的研究进展,并展望了原位聚合电解质的应用前景和未来挑战。     

手机广告链中移动运营商的努力动机研究与仿真

建立了由单手机广告主、手机广告代理商和移动运营商构成的三级广告产业链之间的基于协作的收益共享契约模型,分析了在以移动运营商为主导的手机广告链中,移动运营商的努力动机受收益共享和努力成本补偿参数的影响.采用量化分析和模拟仿真结合的方法,得出契约参数只有在满足一定条件下,移动运营商所做出的最优努力水平投入决策,将使得整个手机产业链收益最大化,实现多方共赢.     

Alkyl side chain length dependent compatibility of poly(4‐n‐alkylstyrene)s and 1,4‐rich polyisoprene blends

We investigated the compatibility of blends of 1,4‐rich polyisoprene (1,4‐PI) and poly(4‐n‐alkylstyrene)s with six kinds of n‐alkyl side groups, that is, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, and octyl focusing on carbon number of alkyl groups. Poly(4‐methylstyrene)/1,4‐PI blend was turned out to be immiscible at all temperature range adopted in this work and poly(4‐ethylstyrene)/1,4‐PI blend revealed UCST type phase behavior, while the others were found to be compatible. The phase diagrams of poly(4‐ethylstyrene)/1,4‐PI blends were obtained by optical microscopy, and the temperature dependence of the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter χ has been estimated to be χ = ?0.036 + 24/T by applying lattice theory, where T is the absolute temperature. From this relationship χ value at room temperature (298 K) was calculated to be 0.045, the value is reasonably low for miscible polymers system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55 , 1791–1797     

Direct diazotization of graphite nanoplatelets with melamine and their favorable application in epoxy resins

The ease of undesirable agglomeration and a low efficiency are two problems that restrict the application of graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) in epoxy resins (EP). Herein, a new strategy with melamine (MEL) as the precursor to functionalize GNPs chemically, which form a bonding layer that is compatible with epoxy matrix, is reported. The MEL fragments with secondary amine groups were grafted uniformly on the GNPs surface by covalent junctions to exploit the diazonium chemistry. This behavior led to a better dispersion and a stronger interaction with the epoxy matrix and resulted in an enhanced glass transition temperature and bending strength, compared with the pure EP. When only 1 wt% functionalized GNPs (f‐GNPs) was used, the Tg of the modified EP raised of about 15°C compared with pure EP, and the bending strength increased by approximately 39%. The dielectric constant of the EP with f‐GNPs was impacted slightly, and the dielectric loss decreased. At 10⁵ Hz, the dielectric loss of the EP with 1 wt% f‐GNPs decreased by approximately 11% compared with pure EP. Therefore, diazotization modification of the GNPs is a useful approach to improve the compatibility in nanoparticle networks.     

Design of aluminum trihydroxide and P‐N core‐shell structures and their synergistic effects on halogen‐free flame‐retardant polyethylene composites

In order to improve the performance of inorganic/organic composites, aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) core composites with a styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH‐g‐SEBS) shell phase, and P‐N flame retardant as a synergistic agent, were prepared through an interface design. The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) content on the interfacial interaction, flame retardancy, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/ATH composites were investigated by small angle X‐ray diffraction, rotational rheometer, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing. The ATH synergistic effects of P‐N flame‐retardant improved the combustion performance of HDPE/ATH/PEG(3%)/MAH‐g‐SEBS/P‐N (abbreviated as HDPE/MH3/M‐g‐S/P‐N) composite by forming more carbon layer, increased the elongation at break from 21% to 558% compared to HDPE/ATH, and increased the interface thickness from 0.447 to 0.891 nm. SEM results support the compatibility of ATH with HDPE increased and the interfacial effect was enhanced. TGA showed the maximum decomposition temperature of the two stages and the yield of the residue at high temperature increased first and then decreased with the increase of PEG content. Rheological behavior showed the storage modulus, complex viscosity, and the relaxation time initially increased and then decreased with the increase of PEG content indicating PEG, M‐g‐S, and ATH powder gradually formed a partial coating, then a full coating, and finally an over‐coated core‐shell structured model.     

Enhancing toughness of poly (lactic acid)/Thermoplastic polyurethane blends via increasing interface compatibility by polyurethane elastomer prepolymer and its toughening mechanism

Due to the environmental pollution caused by the petroleum-based polymer, poly (lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that obtained from natural and renewable sources, has attracted widespread attention. However, the brittleness of PLA greatly limits its application. In this study, the super toughened PLA-based blends were obtained by compatibilizing the PLA/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends with the polyurethane elastomer prepolymer (PUEP) as an active compatibilizer. The mechanical properties, thermal properties and corresponding toughening mechanism of PLA/TPU/PUEP system were studied by tensile test, instrumented impact test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All the results demonstrate that the isocyanate (−NCO) group in PUEP is successfully reacted with the –OH groups at both sides of the PLA and the obtained polyurethane (PU)~PLA copolymer (PU ~ cõ PLA) significantly improves the interfacial compatibility of PLA/TPU blends. The gradually refined dispersed phase size and fuzzy phase interface as displayed in SEM images suggest a good interfacial compatibilization in the PLA/TPU/PUEP blends, probably due to the isocyanate reaction between PLA and PUEP. And the interfacial reaction and compatibilization among the components led to the formation of super toughened PLA/TPU/PUEP blends. And the instrumented impact results indicate that most of the impact toughness is provided by the crack propagation rather than the crack initiation during the entire fracture process.     

Synthesis of two A-B-C type conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives and their application in organic solar cells

Two A-B-C type conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives C60-2 HMTPB and C60-2 EHTPB were obtained in multi steps synthesis with three different blocks,and the amphiphilic diblock molecular C60-4 TPB was also preferred as a reference.When as modifying layer on zinc oxide(ZnO),the three fullerene derivatives can all reduce the work function of ZnO via modulation of the interfacial dipoles and lead a better electrical coupling.As introducing treatment of toluene,the obvious self-assembly of fullerene derivatives were observed,which were supported by X-ray diffraction and contact angle of water measurement.Base on PTB7-Th:PC71 BM system,the inverted organic solar cells devices with structure of ITO/ZnO/fullerene derivatives/PTB7-Th:PC71BM/Mo03/Al got power conversion efficiencies of 8.62%,8.83%and 9.00%for C60-4 TPB,C60-2 HMTPB and C60-2 EHTPB,respectively,compared 8.13%of devices with bare ZnO.The result of conjugated amphiphilic triblock fullerene derivatives provides a straightforward approaching by simultaneously modulating the morphology and interfacial work function of ZnO,which can also lead high performance in optoelectronic devices.